Appendix A
Report on Survey of
Litigation Costs
Introduction
1. |
The Working Party has
decided that a survey of litigation costs be conducted. This survey, based on an
examination of all bills of costs submitted for taxation over a 12 month period, is
intended to obtain information which may assist in (a) showing the general level of costs
of civil litigation in the High Court; and (b) identifying the possible areas in civil
litigation which need to be addressed in order to reduce costs and delay. |
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2. |
The survey was carried
out by a team including a High Court taxing master, Assistant Judiciary Administrator
(Quality), the judiciary clerk in charge of taxation in the High Court Registry, five
judicial clerks of the High Court masters and members of JISS. The taxing master and the
clerks had all been involved in the day-to-day taxation and management of High Court civil
and appeal cases. Members of JISS provided the necessary technical support and advice in
matters concerning computer programme design, data input, statistical analysis and
presentation. |
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3. |
The Judiciary has also
enlisted Professor Martin Chalkley, University of Dundee to advise on methodology.
Professor Chalkley is a renowned statistician, currently advising the UK Government and
the English Bar on matters relating to costs. |
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4. |
The survey covered the
period between 1 July 1999 and 30 June 2000. The total number of bills submitted for
taxation during this period is 1,641. Out of them, all the bills in connection with cases
that had been concluded are examined. The total number is 1,113. They are categorised as
follows: |
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Case Type |
No. |
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(1) |
General
Civil Actions |
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336 |
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(2) |
Personal
Injury Actions |
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207 |
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(3) |
Uncontested
Insolvency Matters |
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532 |
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(4) |
Appeals to
the Court of Appeal |
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38 |
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Total: |
1,113 |
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5. |
The results of this
survey are presented with the following caveats. First, out of all the High Court actions
commenced per year (about 25,000) only a very small number of bills of costs were
submitted for taxation. Secondly, almost all of the bills submitted for taxation relate to
cases commenced in the previous year or years. Thirdly, all the cases studied share a
particular feature, namely, the parties were unable to agree as to the quantum of costs
payable to the winner after conclusion of the case and had to refer the matter for a party
and party taxation. |
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6. |
It is not clear whether
the last caveat indicates that the sample is biased in any particular way. It is
conceivable that these parties may be more litigious or may get along more poorly with
each other than parties in cases where taxations were not needed. If so, it is possible
that the cases studied may exhibit a greater than usual inability to reach procedural
agreements. All this is however conjectural and mentioned only to stress the need for care
in evaluating the data. |
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7. |
Accordingly, while the
data collected under the survey are relatively hard and objective, they do not necessarily
represent the general picture of costs in High Court civil litigation. Nevertheless, we
think that some useful observations may be made on the basis of these data provided one
recognizes the limitations of the available figures. |
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8. |
This report summarizes
some of the more important results from the survey. Four kinds of proceedings are
involved: (1) general civil actions; (2) personal injuries actions; (3) uncontested
insolvency matters; and (4) appeals to the Court of Appeal. Some common terms used in the
Tables should be explained: |
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(1) |
Amount Claimed.
This is the amount claimed by the winning party in the action. |
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(2) |
Amount Recovered.
This represents the amount awarded or the settlement sum for a particular action. |
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(3) |
No Quantified
Amount Recovered. This applies to those cases where the award was for damages to be
assessed; or some non-monetary relief, e.g., injunction or declaration; or where the case
was dismissed. |
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(4) |
Total Costs Claimed
& Total Costs Allowed. These are the total costs claimed by the winning party in
its bill and allowed on taxation respectively. |
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(5) |
Profit Costs
Claimed & Profit Costs Allowed. These are the solicitors' profit costs claimed by
the winning party in its bill and allowed on taxation respectively. Disbursements are not
included. |
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(6) |
Counsel's Fees
Claimed & Counsel's Fees Allowed. These are the counsel's fees claimed by the
winning party in its bill and allowed respectively. |
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(7) |
Taxation Costs
Claimed & Taxation Costs Allowed. Taxation costs are the costs incurred in
connection with the taxation of the bill. Taxation costs claimed are the amount of costs
claimed by the winning party in its bill. Taxation costs allowed are those allowed on
taxation. |
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(8) |
Provisional Bills.
The costs claimed in these bills are less than $100,000. They are taxed by the chief
judicial clerk. If a party is dissatisfied with the taxation, he may apply to have the
bill taxed by a taxing master. |
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(9) |
Non-provisional
Bills. These bills are taxed by the taxing master. They are either with costs claimed
above $100,000 or provisional bills referred to taxation as described above. |
Part A - General Civil
Actions
Costs and Amount Recovered
9. |
164 cases (49%) have a
quantified amount recovered. The remaining 172 cases (51%) do not. Below is a breakdown of
the cases by amount recovered: |
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Amount Recovered |
No. |
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(1) |
Below $120,000 |
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50 |
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(2) |
$120,000 to below
$600,000 |
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59 |
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(3) |
$600,000 to below $1
million |
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19 |
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(4) |
$1 million to below $3
million |
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28 |
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(5) |
$3 million and above |
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8 |
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Sub-total: |
164 |
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(6) |
Cases with no
quantified amount recovered |
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172 |
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Total: |
336 |
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10. |
Details of the case
type for cases with amount recovered below $120,000 are: |
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Case Type |
No. |
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(1) |
Debt Collections |
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24 |
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(2) |
Property |
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5 |
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(3) |
Intellectual Property |
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1 |
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(4) |
Probate &
Administration of Estate |
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1 |
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(5) |
Other General Civil
Actions |
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19 |
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Total: |
50 |
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11. |
For each category of
amount recovered, the range and median of the amount recovered is captured. The following
costs data are also captured: |
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(1) |
In Table 1, the range
and median of total costs and the major costs components, namely, solicitors' profit
costs, counsel's fees and taxation costs as claimed and allowed on taxation. The following
should be noted when considering the table: |
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(a) |
The total number of
cases equals the total number of bills submitted for taxation. |
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(b) |
Under "Total Costs
Allowed", the number of bills actually taxed is given. The number of bills submitted
for taxation may not tally with the number of bills taxed. Bills which, having been
submitted, were not taxed were disposed of in some other way, e.g., by settlement. |
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(c) |
For "Profit Costs
Allowed", all the bills involved profit costs but for some of them, such costs were
disposed of without taxation, e.g., by settlement. The number of bills taxed here
represents the number of bills in which such costs were actually taxed. |
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(d) |
In "Counsel's Fees
Claimed", not every bill involved counsel's fees. Thus, the number of bills submitted
for taxation in which counsel's fees featured does not tally with the number of cases. The
number of such bills is given in brackets. |
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(e) |
In "Counsel's Fees
Allowed", not every bill involved counsel's fees. The number of taxed bills here
represents the number of bills in which counsel's fees featured and were actually taxed. |
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(f) |
For "Taxation
Costs Allowed", all the bills involved taxation costs but for some of them, such
costs were disposed of without taxation, e.g., by settlement. The number of bills taxed
here represents the number of bills in which such costs were actually taxed. |
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Table 1. |
General Civil
Actions - Amount Recovered and Costs Claimed and Costs Allowed [All Bills] |
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(2) |
In Table 2, the ratio
of median costs claimed to median costs allowed for total costs and the major costs
components. The observations in relation to number of bills taxed in sub-paragraph (1)(b),
(c), (e) and (f) above are applicable here. |
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Table 2. |
General Civil
Actions - Costs Claimed and Costs Allowed (Categorised by Amount Recovered) [All Bills] |
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For cases with a
quantified amount recovered, the overall ratio of the median for total costs, profit
costs, counsel's fees and taxation costs allowed to costs claimed is 72%, 71%, 99% and 73%
respectively. For cases with no quantified amount recovered, the respective ratio is 79%,
73%, 99% and 86%. |
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12. |
The ratio of median
amount recovered to median costs claimed for total costs and the major costs components
gives a general idea of proportionality. The overall ratio of median amount recovered to
median total costs claimed, median profit costs, median counsel's fees and median taxation
costs as claimed is 34%, 29%, 23% and 6% respectively. For cases with an amount recovered
below $120,000, the ratio is significantly higher: 74% for median total costs, 68% for
profit costs, 97% for counsel's fees and 15% for taxation costs. For cases with an amount
recovered between $120,000 and below $600,000, the ratio for median total costs and median
profit costs is also higher than the overall ratio: 52% and 44% respectively. The ratio
for median counsel's fees (26%) and median taxation costs (8%) is roughly in line with the
overall ratio. |
Costs and Amount Claimed
13. |
In Tables 3 and 4,
amounts claimed, to be distinguished from amounts awarded or achieved on settlement
("amount recovered"), are considered. For each category, the median amount
claimed is captured. In addition, the following costs data are also captured: |
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(1) |
In Table 3, the range
and median of total costs and the major costs components, namely, solicitors' profit
costs, counsel's fees and taxation costs as claimed and allowed on taxation. The
observations in paragraph 9(1)(a) to (f) are applicable here. |
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Table 3. |
General Civil
Actions - Amount Claimed and Costs Claimed and Costs Allowed [All Bills] |
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(2) |
In Table 4, the ratio
of median costs claimed to median costs allowed for total costs and the major costs
components. The observations in relation to number of bills taxed in paragraph 9(1)(b),
(c), (e) and (f) above are applicable here. |
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Table 4. |
General Civil
Actions - Costs Claimed and Costs Allowed (Categorised by Amount Claimed) [All Bills] |
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For cases with a
quantified amount claimed, the overall ratio of the median for total costs, profit costs,
counsel's fees and taxation costs allowed is 73%, 71%, 100% and 74% respectively. For
cases with no quantified amount claimed, the respective ratio is 79%, 75%, 98% and 86%. |
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14. |
The ratio of median
amount claimed to median costs claimed for total costs and the major costs components
gives a general idea of proportionality. The pattern is similar to that in paragraph 10
above. The overall ratio of median amount claimed to median total costs, median profit
costs, median counsel's fees and median taxation costs as claimed is 36%, 26%, 20% and 5%
respectively. For claims below $120,000, the respective ratio is 56% for median total
costs, 53% for median profit costs, 55% for median counsel's fees and 13% for median
taxation costs. The ratio is significantly higher than the overall ratio. For claims
between $120,000 and below $600,000, the ratio of median total costs (49%), median profit
costs (35%), median counsel's fee (24%) and median taxation costs (8%) is also higher than
the overall ratio, though to a lesser extent. |
Costs Claimed and Allowed
15. |
The amounts of costs
claimed are divided into different categories. For each category, the median of the total
costs claimed and of the major costs components are captured. This gives roughly the
distribution of costs as between the major components. The overall ratio for the
components is 79% for profit costs, 47% for counsel's fees and 14% for taxation costs. |
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Table 5. |
General Civil
Actions - Median Costs Claimed [All Bills] |
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16. |
In Table 6, for each
category of costs claimed, the range and ratio of median total costs claimed and allowed
are captured. |
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Table 6. |
General Civil
Actions - Median Total Costs Claimed and Median Total Costs Allowed [All Bills] |
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The overall ratio of
median total costs allowed is 75% of median total costs claimed. |
Disposal Mode
17. |
Disposal modes are
divided into two broad categories: consensual modes and non-consensual modes. Consensual
modes include consent order, acceptance of payment into court, settlement without court
order. Non-consensual modes include default judgment, striking out, summary judgment,
trial for actions begun by writ, substantive hearing for actions begun otherwise than by
writ, withdrawal, discontinuance and dismissal. Withdrawal, discontinuance and dismissal
are grouped as "Others". A detailed breakdown appears at footnote 3 to Table 7. |
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18. |
For cases with a
quantified amount recovered, 24% were disposed by consensual modes and 76%, by
non-consensual modes. Within the consensual modes, 15% were by consent order, 8% by
acceptance of payment into court, 1% by settlement without court order. Within the
non-consensual modes, 28% were by default, none by striking out, 19% by summary judgment,
8% by substantive hearing, 10% by trial, and 11% by others. For cases with no quantified
amount recovered, 29% were disposed of by consensual means and 71%, by non-consensual
modes. |
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Table 7. |
General Civil
Actions - Mode of Disposal by Amount Recovered [All Bills] |
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19. |
For the 61 cases
concluded by default, their case types are as follows: |
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Case Type |
No. |
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(1) |
Debt Collection |
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30 |
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(2) |
Property |
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7 |
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(3) |
Intellectual Property |
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6 |
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(4) |
Admiralty |
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1 |
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(5) |
Other General Civil
Actions |
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17 |
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Total: |
61 |
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20. |
For each category of
amount recovered, the number and percentage of cases disposed of by consensual and
non-consensual modes are captured. For cases with a quantified amount recovered, the
overall percentage of cases disposed of by consensual and non-consensual modes is 24% and
76% respectively. |
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Table 8. |
General Civil
Actions - Mode of Disposal: Consensual Means vs. Non-Consensual Means [All Bills] |
Interlocutory Activity
21. |
Interlocutory activity
is measured in terms of numbers and types of applications. In this connection, only the
non-provisional bills are examined. Provisional bills are excluded because the amount of
costs is relatively small and the procedural steps involved are usually minimal. For
present purposes, the number of interlocutory applications captured represents the actual
instances of such applications irrespective of the number of summonses taken out. The
following are not included: summonses for directions, pre-trail reviews, applications to
represent a limited company by director, applications relating to enforcement of judgment.
Apart from applications with dates fixed for hearing (whether the hearing actually took
place), applications by way of consent summons are also included. |
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22. |
For cases with a
quantified amount recovered, 45% had 1 to 3 interlocutory applications, 29% had 4 to 6,
and 9% had 7 to 9, and 6% had 10 or more. For cases with no quantified amount recovered,
the pattern does not differ much. |
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Table 9. |
General Civil
Actions - Interlocutory Activity by Number [Non-Provisional Bills Only] |
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23. |
For cases with a
quantified amount recovered, time extensions and pleadings related applications featured
most (52% and 39% respectively). It is the same for cases with no quantified amount
recovered (39% and 34% respectively). The "Others" category includes
miscellaneous types of applications, e.g., security for costs, adding a defendant, leave
to serve a concurrent writ outside jurisdiction, interim payment on account of damages. A
detail breakdown is annexed to Table 10. |
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Table 10. |
General Civil
Actions - Interlocutory Activity by Type [Non-Provisional Bills Only] |
Median Costs and Stages
24. |
For actions begun by
writ, the litigation process is divided into different stages with reference to these
milestones: summons for directions, setting down, first trial date and conclusion by
trial. The number of cases concluded before and continuing beyond these milestones, the
median amount recovered, the median costs incurred for each stage, and the cumulative
median costs up to each stage are all captured. Provisional bills are excluded for present
purposes. |
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Table 11. |
General Civil
Actions with Amount Recovered - Median Costs and Stages for Actions Begun by Writ
[Non-Provisional Bills Only] |
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25. |
The number and
percentage of cases concluded at the above milestones are captured. |
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Table 12. |
General Civil
Actions - Percentage of All Cases Concluded at Various Stages for Actions Begun by Writ
[Non-Provisional Bills Only] |
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26. |
A similar exercise has
been done for actions begun otherwise than by writ. The litigation process is divided into
different stages with reference to these milestones: first hearing where directions for
future conduct are normally given, substantive hearing where the matter is fully litigated
and conclusion by judgment. The number of cases concluded before and continuing beyond
these milestones, the median amount recovered, the median costs incurred for each stage,
and the cumulative median total costs incurred up to each stage are all captured. |
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Table 13. |
General Civil
Actions with Amount Recovered - Median Costs and Stages for Actions Begun Otherwise Than
by Writ [Non-Provisional Bills Only] |
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27. |
The number and
percentage of cases concluded at the above milestones are captured. |
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Table 14. |
General Civil
Actions - Percentage of All Cases Concluded at Various Stages for Actions Begun Otherwise
Than by Writ [Non-Provisional Bills Only] |
Graphs
28. |
The graphs at pp.21 -
25 of the Tables & Graphs depict the amount recovered profile, total costs claimed
profile, amount recovered versus total costs claimed, amount recovered (below $1 million)
versus total costs claimed (below $1 million) and amount recovered (below $1 million) and
total costs claimed (below $500,000). |
Part B - Personal Injury
Actions
29. |
The data collection for
personal injury actions closely follows the one carried out for general civil actions. The
total number of personal injury bills submitted for taxation for the relevant period is
232. A total of 207 are covered here. The rest are excluded because the cases are still
continuing. |
Costs and Amount Recovered
30. |
203 cases (98%) have a
quantified amount recovered. The remaining 4 cases (2%) do not. Below is a breakdown of
the cases by amount recovered: |
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Amount Recovered |
No. |
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(1) |
Below $120,000 |
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8 |
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(2) |
$120,000 to below
$600,000 |
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85 |
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(3) |
$600,000 to below $1
million |
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46 |
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(4) |
$1 million to below $3
million |
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45 |
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(5) |
) $3 million to below
$5 million |
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12 |
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(6) |
$5 million or above |
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7 |
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Sub-total: |
203 |
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(7) |
Case with no quantified
amount recovered |
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4 |
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Total: |
207 |
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31. |
For each category of
amount recovered, the range and median of the amount recovered is captured. The following
costs data are also captured: |
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(1) |
In Table 15, the range
and median of total costs and the major costs components, namely, solicitors' profit
costs, counsel's fees, experts' fees and taxation costs as claimed and allowed on
taxation. The observations in paragraph 9(1) above are applicable here. With necessary
modifications, they are equally apt for experts' fees. |
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Table 15. |
Personal Injury
Actions - Amount Recovered and Costs Claimed and Costs Allowed [All Bills] |
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(2) |
In Table 16, the ratio
of median costs claimed to median costs allowed for total costs and the major costs
components. The observations in relation to the number of bills taxed in paragraph
9(1)(b), (c), (e) and (f) with necessary modifications to experts' fees are applicable
here. |
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Table 16. |
Personal Injury
Actions - Costs Claimed and Costs Allowed (Categorised by Amount Recovered) [All Bills] |
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For cases with a
quantified amount recovered, the overall ratio of the median for total costs, profit
costs, counsel's fees, experts and taxation costs allowed is 81%, 79%, 83%, 100% and 90%
respectively. |
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32. |
The ratio of median
amount recovered to median costs claimed for total costs and the major costs components
gives a general idea of proportionality. The overall ratio of median amount recovered to
median costs claimed, median profit costs, median counsel's fees, median experts' fees and
median taxation costs as claimed is 55%, 35%, 12%, 3% and 6% respectively. For cases with
an amount recovered below $120,000, the ratio is significantly higher: 127% for median
total costs, 87% for median profit costs, 19% for median counsel's fees, 20% for experts'
fees and 23% for median taxation costs. The ratio for cases with an amount recovered
between $120,000 and below $600,000 is also higher than the overall: 90% for median total
costs, 59% for median profit costs, 17% for median counsel's fees, 4% for experts' fees
and 11% for median taxation costs. |
Costs and Amount Claimed
33 |
In Tables 17 and 18, amounts claimed as opposed to amounts
recovered are considered. For each category, the median amount claimed is captured. In
addition, the following costs data are also captured: |
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(1) |
In Table 17, the range
and median of total costs and the major costs components, namely, solicitors' profit
costs, counsel's fees, experts' fees and taxation costs as claimed and allowed on
taxation. The observations in paragraph 9(1) with the necessary modifications to experts'
fees are applicable here. |
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Table 17. |
Personal Injury
Actions - Amount Claimed and Costs Claimed and Costs Allowed [All Bills] |
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(2) |
In Table 18, the ratio
of median costs claimed to median costs allowed for total costs and the major costs
components. The observations in relation to number of bills taxed in paragraph 9(1)(b),
(c), (e) and (f) above with necessary modifications to experts' fees are applicable here. |
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Table
18. |
Personal
Injury Actions - Costs Claimed and Costs Allowed (Categorised by Amount Claimed) [All
Bills] |
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For cases with
quantified amount claimed, the overall ratio of the median for total costs, profit costs,
counsel's fees, experts' fees and taxation costs allowed is 81%, 80%, 83%, 100% and 89%
respectively. For cases with no quantified amount claimed, the respective ratio is 77%,
71%, 87%, 100% and 91%. |
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34. |
The ratio of median
amount claimed to median costs claimed for total costs and the major costs components
gives a general idea of proportionality. The overall ratio of median amount claimed to
median costs claimed, median profit costs, median counsel's fees, median experts' fees and
median taxation costs as claimed is 23%, 15%, 5%, 1% and 3% respectively. The ratio for
cases with lower claims is significantly higher. For claims below $120,000, the ratio is
931% for median total costs, 707% for median profit costs, 183% for median counsel's fees,
41% for median experts' fees and 95% for median taxation costs. For claims between
$120,000 and below $600,000, the respective ratio is 52%, 36%, 10%, 3% and 7%. |
Costs Claimed and Allowed
35. |
For each category of
costs claimed, the range and median of the total costs claimed and of the major components
are captured. This shows roughly the distribution of costs as between the major
components. The overall ratio for the components is 63% for profit costs, 22% for
counsel's fees, 5% for experts' fees and 11% for taxation costs. |
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Table 19. |
Personal Injury
Actions - Median Costs Claimed [All Bills] |
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36. |
In Table 20, for each
category of costs claimed, the range and ratio of median total costs claimed and allowed
are captured. |
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Table 20. |
Personal Injury
Actions - Median Total Costs Claimed and Median Total Costs Allowed [All Bills] |
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The overall ratio of
median total costs allowed is 81% of median total costs claimed. |
Disposal Mode
37. |
The categorization of
disposal modes follows that for general civil actions. 87% were by consensual modes: 71%
by consent order, 11% by acceptance of payment into court and 5% by settlement without
court order. 13% were by trial. None of the cases were disposed of by default, striking
out or summary judgment. |
|
|
|
|
Table 21. |
Personal Injury
Actions - Mode of Disposal by Amount Recovered [All Bills] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 22. |
Personal Injury
Actions - Mode of Disposal: Consensual Means vs. Non-consensual Means [All Bills] |
Interlocutory Activity
38. |
Interlocutory activity
is measured in terms of numbers and types of applications. In this connection, only the
non-provisional bills are examined. For present purposes, the number of interlocutory
applications captured represents the actual instances of such applications irrespective of
the number of summonses. Checklist review hearings and those mentioned in paragraph 19
above are not included. For cases with a quantified amount recovered, 51% had 1 to 3
interlocutory applications, 16% had 4 to 6, and 4% had 7 to 9 and 2% had 10 or more. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 23. |
Personal Injury
Actions - Interlocutory Activity by Number [Non-Provisional Bills Only] |
|
|
39. |
For cases with a
quantified amount recovered, time extensions, pleadings and discovery related applications
featured most (28%, 35% and 24% respectively). The "Others" category includes
miscellaneous types of applications. A detailed breakdown is annexed to Table 24. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 24. |
Personal Injury
Actions - Interlocutory Activity by Type [Non-Provisional Bills Only] |
Median Costs and Stages
40. |
The litigation process
is divided into different stages with reference to these milestones: first check list
review, setting down, first trial date and conclusion by trial. The number of cases
concluded before and continuing beyond these milestones, the median amount recovered, the
median total costs incurred for the stage and the cumulative total costs incurred up to
the stage are all captured. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 25. |
Personal Injury
Actions - with Amount Recovered - Median Costs and Stages [Non-Provisional Bills Only] |
|
|
41. |
The number and
percentage of cases concluded at the above milestones are captured. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 26. |
Personal Injury
Actions - Percentage of Cases Concluded at Various Stages [Non-Provisional Bills Only] |
Common Fund Costs
42. |
Common fund costs in
the present context mean the own costs of a legally aided party that he had to pay to the
lawyers assigned to him. These costs are not recoverable from the paying party. For each
category of amount recovered, the median common fund costs and its ratio to the median
amount recovered are captured. The overall ratio is 4%. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 27. |
Personal Injury
Actions - Common Fund Costs [All Bills] |
|
|
43. |
The graphs at pp. 46-49
of Tables and Graphs the show the amount recovered profile, total costs claimed profile,
amount recovered versus total costs claimed and amount recovered (below $2 million) versus
total costs claimed (below $1 million). |
Part C - Uncontested
Insolvency Matters
44. |
There are 132
bankruptcy petitions and 400 winding up petitions. The range and median of total costs,
profit costs and taxation costs as claimed and allowed are captured. |
|
|
|
|
Table 28. |
Uncontested
Insolvency Matters - Costs Claimed by Case Type |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 29. |
Uncontested
Insolvency Matters - Costs Allowed by Case Type |
Part D - Appeals to the
Court of Appeal
45. |
There are 25 final
appeals and 13 interlocutory appeals. The case type of cases from which the appeals were
brought is as follows: |
|
Original Case Type |
No. |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
General Civil Actions |
|
11 |
|
|
(2) |
Constitutional &
Administrative Law |
|
1 |
|
|
(3) |
Property |
|
7 |
|
|
(4) |
Personal Injury |
|
3 |
|
|
(5) |
Construction &
Arbitration |
|
1 |
|
|
(6) |
Winding-up |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total: |
25 |
|
|
|
|
(B) For interlocutory
Appeals: |
|
|
|
Original Case Type |
No. |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
General Civil Actions |
|
6 |
|
|
(2) |
Constitutional &
Administrative Law |
|
2 |
|
|
(3) |
Personal Injury |
|
2 |
|
|
(4) |
Commercial |
|
1 |
|
|
(5) |
Intellectual Property |
|
1 |
|
|
(6) |
Shareholders Disputes |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total: |
13 |
|
|
|
46. |
The range and median of
total costs, profit costs, counsel's fees and taxation costs as claimed and allowed are
captured. |
|
|
|
|
Table 30. |
Appeals to the
Court of Appeal - Costs Claimed by Case Type |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 31. |
Appeals to the
Court of Appeal - Costs Allowed by Case Type |
|
|
47. |
For each category of
costs claimed, the range and median of the total costs claimed and of the major costs
components are captured. |
|
|
|
|
Table 32. |
Appeals to the
Court of Appeal - Median Costs Claimed |
|